腹壁可触及肿物的超声辨别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他水肿.. Urachal Cyst 褶尿管病变A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )褶尿管病变广布褶和膀胱之间，多半座落在褶尿管的下1/3 ，但也可广布数座落在褶下。这些病变可乏善可陈为完全无回音或低回音。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 由此可知11A，褶尿管病变，此病变已受染病，实质上含有微弱回音的液体。B，褶尿管病变，紧绷的病变前壁显现出反射伪影。

..Endometriosis胎盘子宫甲状腺肿Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).外周胎盘子宫甲状腺肿是胎盘切除后的长期合并症，无特殊乏善可陈，但可于以前切除的瘢痕不远处见一局部肿物，并有不稳定的的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 由此可知12 ，剖宫产疤痕不远处胎盘子宫甲状腺肿

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 外周血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).背直肌鞘血肿可发生于痉挛开放性咳嗽后、咳嗽或痉挛痉挛后，其根本原因多半是抗凝治疗或高血压疾病。由于血肿允许于背直肌鞘内，多半不相当大，其形状根据所不远处位置而定，在弓状两条路线以上，血肿常为球形，长轴排列成上下一段距离，可于右侧碰见（由此可知13A）；在弓状两条路线此表，由于背白两条路线缺如，可延展横过中所两条路线，因此血肿乏善可陈为分齿状，其最大间距座落在横轴上。在新生儿外周血肿可广布褶上外侧延展（由此可知13B、C）。术后不规则开放性血管内肾脏的病人可于外周切除瘢痕附近碰见大的血肿（由此可知13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 由此可知13A，一中所年妇女随之而来咳嗽后背直肌鞘血肿，圆圈通知背横筋膜。B，新生儿外周血肿。C，一新生儿褶肾脏下端不远处上面的外周血肿。UV，褶肾脏。D，一不规则开放性血管内肾脏的剖宫产术后病人疤痕不远处外周血肿。

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